Response of London ’ s urban heat island to a marine air 1 intrusion in an easterly wind regime

Numerical simulations are conducted using the Weather Research and Forecast 6 (WRF) numerical model to examine the effects of a marine air intrusion (including a sea7 breeze front), in an easterly wind regime on 7 May 2008, on the structure of London’s urban 8 heat island (UHI). A sensitivity study is undertaken to assess how the representation of 9 the urban area of London in the model, with a horizontal grid resolution of 1 km, affects 10 its performance characteristics for the near-surface air temperature, dewpoint depression, 11 and wind fields. No single simulation is found to provide the overall best or worst perfor12 mance for all the near-surface fields considered. Using a multilayer (rather than single layer 13 or bulk) urban canopy model does not clearly improve the prediction of the intensity of 14 the UHI but it does improve the prediction of its spatial pattern. Providing surface-cover 15 fractions leads to improved predictions of the UHI intensity. The advection of cooler air 16 from the North Sea reduces the intensity of the UHI in the windward suburbs and displaces 17 C. Chemel ( ) · R. S. Sokhi National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Centre for Atmospheric & Instrumentation Research (CAIR), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK e-mail: [email protected] 2 C. Chemel, R. S. Sokhi it several kilometres to the west, in good agreement with observations. Frontal advection 18 across London effectively replaces the air in the urban area. Results indicate that there is a 19 delicate balance between the effects of thermal advection and urbanization on near-surface 20 fields, which depend, inter alia, on the parametrization of the urban canopy and the urban 21 land-cover distribution. 22